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Process servers do not have a fixed limit on how many times they may attempt service. The number of visits depends on state rules, the type of case, and whether the server can show due diligence in attempting to notify the defendant. Across Maryland, Washington DC, and Virginia, courts focus on whether reasonable efforts were made rather than counting attempts.
In 2025, courts nationwide reported a continued rise in default judgments linked to defendants avoiding service rather than responding to legitimate legal notices. The trend reinforces why proper service, repeated attempts, and lawful alternatives matter both for plaintiffs and for individuals receiving documents.
This guide explains how many attempts a server may make, how MD/DC/VA laws shape the process, what happens when service fails, and how to protect yourself from unnecessary penalties.
Key Takeaways
- There is no fixed limit on how many times a process server can attempt service in Maryland, DC, and Virginia.
- Courts focus on reasonable efforts and documentation rather than counting attempts.
- A diligent server may typically try three times at varied times, but this is not legally required.
- Avoiding a process server can lead to default judgments and other legal consequences.
- Understanding state-specific laws helps navigate the process and protect your rights.
How Many Attempts Can a Process Server Make?
There is no statutory limit in Maryland, DC, or Virginia.
Instead of setting a number, courts evaluate whether the server made reasonable and documented efforts to complete service. Factors include:
- Time of day attempts were made
- Attempt variety (weekday, weekend, morning, evening)
- Whether the address is valid
- Whether the server documented each visit
- The nature of the case and urgency
- Jurisdictional requirements for due diligence
A diligent process server may attempt service several times if the party is reasonably reachable. In many cases, three attempts at varied times is standard practice, but this is not a legal requirement.
To understand qualifications and procedural rules, see Maryland’s legal requirements for service.
Do Certified Process Servers Make More Attempts?
Some states require process servers to be licensed or certified, and those programs often emphasize training, documentation standards, and consistent attempt patterns. Maryland, Washington DC, and Virginia do not require certification, but many professional agencies follow certification level practices voluntarily.
In these jurisdictions, the focus is not on certification status but on whether the server demonstrates diligence, accuracy, and proper documentation. When choosing a provider, training and professionalism matter more than whether the server holds a certification used in other states. For guidance on evaluating a provider, see how to choose a reliable process server.
State Specific Guidance: MD, DC, and VA
Maryland
Maryland Rule 2-121 governs service of process. It does not specify a maximum number of attempts. Instead, it requires that servers make reasonable efforts before alternative service is sought. Documentation through an affidavit is mandatory.
To view the rule in full, see Maryland Rule 2-121 (full text).
Washington DC
DC Superior Court Rule 4 also does not limit attempts. Servers must act reasonably, identify themselves, and follow proper documentation procedures. Courts may authorize alternative service if the server demonstrates persistent unsuccessful efforts.
Virginia
Virginia Code § 8.01-296 outlines personal, substituted, and posted service, but sets no attempt limit. The standard is good faith and reasonable diligence before proceeding to alternatives.
View the statute here:
Virginia Code § 8.01-296 (service rules)
Across all three jurisdictions, the theme is consistent: courts care about effort and documentation, not counting attempts.
What Happens if the Server Cannot Reach You?
If the server makes several documented attempts without success, the next step depends on jurisdiction and case type. Options include:
Substitute Service
Some jurisdictions allow for documents to be left with another adult at the residence or place of employment, or even posted on the door in certain circumstances. A civil process server typically uses this method when it’s clear the recipient is deliberately avoiding service.
Learn more about court approved alternatives through a motion for alternative service.
Service by Mail
Sometimes, the court may permit service by certified mail if personal service proves impossible. This method ensures there is a record of the documents being sent and received. Allowed under specific conditions in MD, DC, and VA after due diligence.
Skip Tracing
Servers may use research tools to verify addresses, employment locations, or new residences. See skip tracing services for more detail.
Court Ordered Alternative Service
If reasonable attempts fail, parties may request authorization to serve through email, certified mail, or publication. See Alternative Service Solutions.
Legal Implications of Avoiding Service
Avoiding a process server does not prevent the legal process from moving forward. Courts recognize that some individuals may attempt to evade service. Evading a process server can result in:
- Default judgments
- Missed court dates
- Bench warrants in certain criminal related proceedings
- Loss of the right to defend your case
To understand refusal and its consequences in Maryland, review can you refuse to be served papers.
Case Study: Evasion and Resolution
A Maryland resident repeatedly avoided answering the door after noticing a server at the property over several days. The server documented each attempt at varied hours and verified the address. The plaintiff then filed a motion for alternative service. The court approved service by posting and certified mail.
The defendant was unaware that the case proceeded and later faced a default judgment. After contacting Freestate Investigations for guidance, they learned how the process unfolded and took corrective steps through legal counsel. The situation highlights why prompt acknowledgment is safer than avoidance.
How Many Attempts Is Too Many?
Attempts become excessive only when they are:
- Made at inappropriate times
- Unreasonably frequent
- Not tied to due diligence
Professional servers space out attempts, vary times, document everything, and avoid harassment. If a server is visiting too often or behaving improperly, you may contact the agency directly.
For vetted, professional service in the region, see our MD/DC/VA locations.
Professional Process Serving Across MD, DC, and VA. Schedule Now
When Standard Attempts Aren’t Enough
Maryland, DC, and Virginia courts all allow alternative methods when personal service becomes impractical. Freestate’s team assists clients with:
- Verifying whether attempts meet due diligence
- Address confirmation and skip tracing
- Preparing supporting documentation for alternative service
- Ensuring all steps comply with state specific rules
If you need guidance, start with how to choose a reliable process server or learn about advanced methods such as serving someone you cannot find.
Frequently Asked Questions
No. Maryland, DC, and Virginia do not set a statutory limit. Courts evaluate whether the server made reasonable, well documented attempts at appropriate times.
Reasonable attempts typically include visits on different days and times, verification of address information, and written documentation. Courts may require multiple varied attempts before considering alternative service.
Avoidance does not stop the case. Courts may permit substitute service, posting, mailing, or alternative methods. Continued evasion may result in a default judgment.
Yes. If permitted under jurisdiction rules, servers may attempt service at a workplace as long as it is appropriate, safe, and not disruptive. Servers must follow employer policies and safety standards.
In Maryland, DC, and Virginia, substitute service may be allowed when a qualified adult at the residence accepts documents. Rules vary slightly by jurisdiction and case type.
Courts typically issue an order authorizing alternative service methods. You may confirm the order through court records or request verification from a licensed process serving agency.
Protect Your Rights by Understanding Service Requirements
Service of process is fundamental to ensuring due process in Maryland, DC, and Virginia. While there is no fixed limit on how many times a process server may attempt delivery, the law requires diligence, accuracy, and professionalism. Ignoring attempts or avoiding service creates unnecessary risk and may lead to court approved alternatives or default judgments.
Freestate Investigations helps clients navigate every phase of service, from initial attempts to address verification, skip tracing, and motions for alternative service. If you need assistance completing service or verifying that attempts meet jurisdiction requirements, our team is available to help.
Contact Freestate Investigations to coordinate service or request guidance.